Correlation Between Motivation And Other Behavioral Processes

One can define motivation in terms that make a clear distinction between other concepts or processes, and it is important not to simply subsume motivation into other constructs such as emotion. Nevertheless, it also is useful to consider the relation between motivation and other behavioral processes. The neural representation of behavioral functions is highly complex, and it is problematic to try and neatly place core psychological functions into distinct neural systems that do not overlap (Salamone 2010; Salamone et al., 2007). Thus, when discussing motivation it is important to consider the relation between motivational processes and other important processes such as emotion and reinforcement, because in several ways, motivational†¦show more content†¦The modern study of instrumental conditioning, and thus the conceptualization of reinforcement, was established by the seminal work of Thorndike and Skinner. Thorndike (1911) formulated the Law of Effect to describe the proc esses involved in instrumental conditioning. Several years later, Skinner (1938) composed what he termed â€Å"The Empirical Law of Effect†, which focused on the relation between response output and the stimulus events that followed these responses. As described by Skinner, positive reinforcement occurs when a response is followed by a stimulus, and response probability increases. The stimulus that leads to such an outcome is known as a positive reinforcer. Clearly there is an associative learning component to the reinforcement process. There is a complex associative structure involving S-S and S-R associations (Colwill Rescorla 1986), with the core being the action-outcome association based upon the contingency between the response and the reinforcer. As described by Timberlake Allison (1974) and Allison (1993), for instrumental learning to occur, an organism must learn â€Å"what leads to what†. Nevertheless, there also is a key motivational component to instrum ental behavior (Dickenson Balleine 1994; Salamone Correa 2002). Cofer (1972) stated that motivation provides the conditions for reinforcing behavior or weakening it. As stated by Salamone Correa (2002) â€Å"The reinforcer can be described as a goal, aShow MoreRelatedPsychology1731 Words   |  7 Pagess concern for the anatomy of the mind and led to greater concern over the functions of the mind, and later to behaviorism. Behaviorism- Behaviorism (also called the behavioral approach) was the primary paradigm in psychology between 1920s to 1950 and is based on a number of underlying assumptions regarding methodology and behavioral analysis: Psychology should be seen as a science.   Theories need to be supported by empirical data obtained through careful and controlled observation and measurementRead MoreThe Theoretical Construct Of Self Regulation1218 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities. The most commonly reported and observed strategies employed by the four young participants were seeking social assistance, seeking information, and environmental structuring. Although this study looked at young learners, the findings supported other studies of students use of language-learning strategies that effective learners are more flexible with their repertoire of strategies and are more successful at monitoring and adapting their strategies. The data from the study also indicated thatRead MoreLeadership Reflections: Motivating and Influencing Behavioral Change1156 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluencing behavioral change, both as a leader and as a follower. To gain additional perspective, the discussion then considers the relative effe ctiveness of a study partner’s strategies to assess their potential for motivating and influencing behavioral change in the author’s organization. Organizational Roles and Responsibilities As an external change management consultant, the author acts both as a leader and as a follower (Vecchio, 2007) in motivating and changing the behavior of others withinRead MoreThe Biological Approach : Mental Processes And Behaviors1356 Words   |  6 Pagesmental processes and behaviors by focusing on genetics and physiology. Psychologists who use the biological approach believe that mental processes and behaviors are caused and explained by activity between the nervous system and the brain. The biological approach is very scientific; therefore, psychologists can perform consistent, measureable experiments to examine how our genes, neuronal activity, and neurotransmitters interact with our environment and how they influence our mental processes and behaviorsRead MoreBehavioral Therapy : Skinner And Albert Bandura Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesall been successfully treated using this approach† (Wilson,2011). Behavioral therapy is used with clients who may have mental disa bilitie, mental illness, and developmental disabilities. Many theorist studied and applied their beliefs and assumptions towards the idea of Behavior Therapy, however theorist B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura contributed two of the greatest theories. B.F Skinner based his beliefs on the correlation between the environment and behavior. â€Å"B.F. Skinner was interested in reinforcementRead More Personality: a Neurobiological Model of Extraversion Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesthat personality is 50%-70% hereditary and that home environment has little impact on child development (1,2). Here, nature vs. nurture is largely irrelevant; regardless of where ones personality comes from, it reflects chemical and electrical processes occurring within the nervous system. The higher ordered personality trait which has been most studied for its neurobiological link is extraversion. On a hierarchical level extraversion often describes a person who is sociable, active, assertiveRead MoreAlcohol, Cognition, and Impusivity1561 Words   |  7 Pagesa variety of cognitive processes (Norton Halay, 2001). Some of these cognitive processes include: executive decision making, impulse control, modification of emotion, and future preparation (Norton et al., 2001). The focus of this Research Paper will be to examine the cognitive effects of alcohol consumption and any correlations between impulse control (impulsivity) and alcohol consumption. Research studies have shown that alcohol use disrupts the neurocognitive processes involved in self-regulationRead MoreBehavioral Economic Research Concerning Ethical Consumerism And Connections1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthis study, I sought a premise of behavioral economic research concerning ethical consumerism and connect ions to psychology. Through basic search engines and the citations of other articles, a comprehensive set of studies and articles was compiled to identify and frame the research question. As a study focusing primarily on a marketing and psychological relationship, a primarily correlational research design was employed with a local survey to evaluate any behavioral connections and contribute to theRead MoreLearning Concepts and Research Approaches1337 Words   |  6 Pagesdescription of the concept of learning, distinguishing between learning and performance, and a comparison/contrast of the conceptual approaches to the study of learning. Whereas learning affects behavior, understanding how people learn and adapt can enable productive learning and may facilitate enhanced lifespan development. Concept of Learning Learning involves gathering information through sensory processing of stimuli and the behavioral changes the acquisition of that knowledge produces. KnowledgeRead MoreSelf Awareness And Self Acceptance904 Words   |  4 Pagespersonality as â€Å"the unique combination of emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns that affect how a person reacts to a situations and interacts with others† (pg. 254). Comprehending the facets of personality is the underling factor acquired to increase self awareness and self acceptance. It is the fundamental aspect of identifying individual strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for personal growth. Robbins et al. (2015) outlines motivation as â€Å"the process by which a person’s effort are energized

Gender Roles And Gender Norms Essay - 1774 Words

Gender roles are sets of rules, and societal norms that dictate how people should act, or behave in society. Many gender norms are often influenced by the pressures from culture, family, media, and peers. Although gender roles are not biological, many people are still coerced into believing that individuals are not supposed to practice desired wants, or freedom because only certain genders can exercise the right to paint one’s nails, open doors, pay for a date, and more. Often, gender roles and gender norms begin at birth. Parents often purchase items that reflect femininity or masculinity. Society has also placed stigmas on those that use certain colors such as pink even though it was once viewed as a masculine color. Thus, people are afraid to violate these norms in fear that he or she may be hurt, ridiculed, and out casted. A norm violation are actions or behaviors that defies the social norms of communities. These social norms vary from culture to culture. However, norm v iolations are not taken too lightly in many places, and often, individuals who break these norms are mistreated similarly. Many people are still not open minded about the idea of women who curse, openly check out men, and swear. I did just that. The potluck was very formal, and I was told beforehand to wear a form fitting dress, high heels, my hair down nicely, and make up. I did the opposite. I chose to wear slacks, and a white collared shirt similarly to what every man in the gathering wore. I alsoShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Gender Norms Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagessociety’s rules and norms that we live in. An example is when children introduced to certain roles that are linked to their biological sex, teaching how a child how a man and woman should behave. When a child is born, parents would typically dress their child according to their sex. If it is a boy, he is dressed in blue, and if it is a girl, she is dressed in pink. In our society, these roles given to us are mainly based on gender norms and standards. It is known that masculine roles have traditionallyRead MoreGender Roles And Norms Of Society892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe words â€Å"policeman,† â€Å"fireman,† â€Å"chairman,† â€Å"businessman,† and â€Å"weatherman† seem to be five of the most commonly used ones. The meanings of these words, and especially the qualities they imply, not only describe gender roles and norms in today’s society, but also describe gender roles from previous societies. The first two words on the list are fairly similar because they describe professions which could potentially be extremely dangerous. Policemen and firemen are viewed as heroes in society becauseRead MoreGender Roles And Societal Norms2024 Words   |  9 Pagesrealize that they were setting up gender roles for us as kids, that we aren t completely comfortable with today† (â€Å"Gender Roles in Disney Films†). Now, as adults we realize that Cinderella was mainly about gender roles and societal norms. â€Å"Results suggest that the prince and princess characters differ in their portrayal of traditionally masculine and feminine characteristics, these gender role portrayals are complex, and trends towards egalitarian gender roles are not linear over time† (EnglandRead MoreThe Role Of Sex And Gender As A Cultural Norm1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of sex and gender as a cultural norm is everchanging. From definition to terminology to legality and politicization, t hese topics vary from one culture to the next and one era to the next. One of the strongest examples of a culture carrying very different ideas of sex and gender is an early Northern European Culture. Carol Clover, in her essay â€Å"Regardless of Sex: Men, Women, and Power in Early Northern Europe,† identifies a â€Å"one-sex, one-gender model †¦ that plays out in the rawest and mostRead MoreGender Roles Are A Set Of Societal Norms Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Gender roles are a set of societal norms dictating the types of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality† (Oxford). Is it a boy or girl? What sport will he play? When will she take dance lessons? Women shouldn’t have jobs! Men should work while women take care of the house! Women belong in the kitchen! Men don’t do household chores! These are just some examples of stereotypes adopted by societyRead MoreGender Roles Are Set Of Societal Norms1530 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Gender roles are set of societal norms dictating the types of behavior which are genrally considered acceptable , appropriate based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality of the person. Gender roles are also determined by the prevailing cultural norms. Gender stereotypes also alters the the attitudes, traits, and behavior patterns of males and females. Gender stereotypes on the basis of sexism, or the prejudiced beliefs that value males over females. Common forms of sexism inRead MoreGender Roles : A Social Norm For Women1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthought about gender roles growing up. I wanted to shave my legs by the time I was eight, I wanted to wear makeup before I even hit sixth grade, and I used to cry when my mom told me I had to wear pants to school instead of a dress when it was cold outside. I was your stereotypical feminine female. But as I have grown up, I have begun to realize that many people are not like me. I have also begun to realize what many more people expe ct from me. Wearing makeup has become a social norm for women. LittleRead MoreImpact Of Social Norms On Gender Roles3192 Words   |  13 PagesThe purpose of this study is to determine the impact social norms have on gender roles. Social norms can be described as group views of how affiliates should behave in a certain perspective (Baron, 2009). Gender roles are the behavioral norms that are considered appropriate for either males or females in a social or personal relationship (Baron, 2009). This inquiry will test the influence social norms has on gender roles in marriage. There will be a total of 100 college students who will participateRead MoreDoes Gender Role Norms Affect Behavior?1698 Words   |  7 Pages, 2005). These ideas, called â€Å"gender role norms,† affect the way people believe they are supposed to act, think, and even feel depending on their sex (Mahalik et al., 2005). These norms can be learned through simple observation, such as how children of different sexes act in television commercials and what behaviors are reinforced by parents depending on their child’s biological sex. As children grow up, their knowledge on gender norms and judgments on which norms can be violated generally increaseRead MoreGender Roles Are Based On Norms, Standards, Or Beliefs Created By Society931 Words   |  4 PagesGender Research Paper Gender roles are based on norms, standards, or beliefs created by society. American culture created the ideals that masculine roles (men) have traditionally been associated with strength, aggression, and dominance, while feminine roles (women) have traditionally been associated with passivity, nurturing, and motherly. â€Å"When Men Break the Gender Rules: Status Incongruity and Backlash Against Modest Men† focuses on atypical men who behave modestly during a job interview and

A burglary Free Essays

As I found him suspicious,l continued to monitor his movements. Seeing the man crouching close to the bushes and casting furtive glances every few seconds as he made his way to the black door. ‘ continued to watch him until he climbed over the fence and realized that he was a burglary. We will write a custom essay sample on A burglary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Racking my brains as fast as I could and I decided to call the police and my neighbor,whose name was Peter. After calling them,l told them what I witnessed in a muffled frenzy. After a short while,the police were arrived at Pewter’s house. The sirens of the police car reverberated through the air. Ran down towards them and told them the burglary was inside. Just then,he was fleeing from the house. L shouted,†let is him! â€Å"the policemen hurriedly ran to catch him. The burglary ran helter-shelter as he headed to the nearest exit This proved to be a costly mistake for him as the police officers gave chase like a group of Olympic athletes. Len no time,they had caught up with him and immediately cornered him to one side. After seeing he was caught,I ran into the house to check. When I entered,my eyes dinned and my jaw dropped at the sight of the house. As Pewter’s belongings were strewn away,the drawer and cupboard were opened and cleared of all the valuables. The robber had ransacked and rummaged his home. After he was back,l helped him to clean up all the messy and he appreciated to me for my help. Len addition,he told the security to improve the security system and he wanted to be sure that such an unfortunate accident would never happen again. In the end,when came back home and told my parents about how had handled the situation,they were full of praise for me. How to cite A burglary, Papers

Risk Register Analyse the benefits of Risk Management Tool

Question: Analyse the benefits and limitations of using the selected risk register for project risk monitoring and control for the project you chose for your Final Project. Answer: Risk register A risk register or risk log is a risk management tool that presents various risks identified at the beginning or during the life of the project. It can be represented as a scatter plot or in tabular format and it enables the project manager or other risk facilitators to manage risk situations or events effectively and efficiently. It also classifies and grades the risks in terms of probability of occurrence and the seriousness of its impact on the project (Pritchard and PMP 2014). For this report, an example of the risk register has been critically evaluated. Further, analysis of the benefits and limitations of the selected risk register for project risk monitoring and control is undertaken. In addition, a revised version of the selected risk register has been presented in manner that would address the most severe limitations of the selected risk register. Link https://www.projectmanagementdocs.com/project-planning-templates/risk-register.html#axzz4BAQyWg00 In the link above, the risk register has been formulated as Risk Identification Qualitative rating Risk response Risk Risk category Probability Impact Risk score Risk ranking Risk response Trigger Risk owner Loss of key employee Project risk Low High - - Recruitment of key employees Conflicts at the work place Project manager Increase in the prices of raw materials Business risk Medium High - - Cost control measures to keep the overall cost of the project balanced Pricing trends in the market, governmental policy change Project manager The above risk register enables the risk facilitators to identify and categorise the risks that the project may face during the project life cycle. Further, the likelihood of occurrence of risk and its impact on the project success is presented. Further, risk ranking and risk score aims at presenting a quantitative value of the identified risks. Lastly, triggers, risk response and risk owner represents what are the symptoms, action taken and who is responsible for mitigation of the identified risks are The benefits of above risk register for project monitoring and control can be seen as it allows all the important data or information about the projects risk at a single table. The tabular representation of risk registry also enables the projects risk management stakeholders a clear picture of the risk associated with the project and view present status of each risk, at any point in time (Hillson and Simon 2012). The limitation of the above risk register is that it does not take into account the quantifiable risk elements. In presenting qualitative values of the risk suffers from the expertise and experience of the project manager or risk facilitators. This limitation has been addressed in the revised risk register that presents both qualitative and qualitative data about the identified risks. Further, in the above selected risk register model does not presents a contingency plan, in case the control measures fails to address the issues related to the identified risks (Kerzner 2013). Revised risk register Risk No. Date identified Risk description Owner Triggers Probability Impact Risk rating Control measures Contingency plan Mitigation techniques 1 5/5/2016 Loss of key employee Project manager Job discontentment Low High - Recruitment of back up employees Third party arrangement Mitigate 2 20/5/2016 Increase in input material cost Project manager/ procurement officer Market trends, inflation, governmental policy change Medium High - Cost control measures Contracting the supplies of raw materials Transfer References Hillson, D. and Simon, P., 2012.Practical project risk management: The ATOM methodology. Management Concepts Inc.. Kendrick, T., 2015.Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Pritchard, C.L. and PMP, P.R., 2014.Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press.